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Biotechnology is the study and manipulation of biological organisms like plants and animals. It provides us with products such as medicines, vaccines, and food. Biotechnology has been around for centuries; it started with the invention of writing and agriculture. People living in China during the Sung dynasty (960-1279) used biotechnology to cultivate silkworms that could produce more silk than before. Today, biotechnology is used to make sure we have enough food for everyone on earth; increase I production; create vegetables that are disease-resistant; eliminate allergic reactions from bee stings or peanuts; find cures for diseases like cancer or HIV/AIDS; create new enzymes that can break down oil spills on land or oil tankers at sea. Every year, more than 80,000 scientific papers are published. A huge portion of these papers focus on biotechnology. Usually the first step involved in developing a new product is to identify a problem and search for a solution. Biotechnology, however, uses biochemists and geneticists to work together with other scientists that may include mathematicians or physicists. This unique partnership allows for the development of products that replace petroleum-based products like gasoline and biofuels (such as ethanol). For example: biofuel and ethanol can replace and reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuel because it does not contain harmful chemicals. The easy way to use ethanol is to use it with oxygen mixed in your car's fuel tank. In biotechnology, DNA molecules are used to grow a single cell organism in a clean room. This organism is called a cell line. Cell lines can be grown in large quantities and used for many different experiments. There are two types of cell lines: eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. This means that eukaryotic cells have the ability to reproduce themselves while prokaryotic cells can only replicate themselves, they do not have the ability to reproduce themselves. In the genome, there are long strands of DNA that contain genes which contain genetic information. These genes are used to carry out all of the functions of the cell. For example, glucose is one substance that is made by cells; certain genes are responsible for making this substance. When organisms are grown in biotechnology, many genes that allow them to live and react like normal cells (which include proteins) are taken out. This makes it possible for scientists to insert genes into the organism that contain new characteristics; these include producing human insulin, increasing production of corn, or increasing production of tomatoes. There are many different types of biotechnology including cloning, molecular engineering, genetic engineering and gene therapy. Each has its advantages and disadvantages for humans and other living things. Cloning is used to create identical copies of a living organism. This can be used to create designer organisms that cannot be found in the wild; it can also help scientists get a better understanding of how cells work. Molecular engineering is the use of genetic engineering to manipulate the structure of proteins and other molecules so that they can be made in large quantities for food, medicine, or other beneficial purposes. DNA sequencing is an important biotechnology due to the huge amount of data created once DNA is sequenced and put on a computer. The reason this technology has become so important is because scientists need this information to do experiments and grow organisms in biotechnology. cfa1e77820
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